Friday, July 31, 2009

Ferrari V8 – The 458 Italia

The Italia is the latest incarnation of the mid-rear engined Ferrari berlinetta and will be unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September. While it’s true that every Ferrari is innovative by definition, it’s equally true that in the course of the Prancing Horse’s history, certain cars have marked a genuine departure from the current range. This is very much the case with the Ferrari 458 Italia, which is a massive leap forward from the company’s previous mid-rear engined sports cars.

The new model is a synthesis of style, creative flair, passion and cutting-edge technology, characteristics for which Italy as a nation is well-known. For this reason Ferrari chose to add the name of its homeland to the traditional figure representing the displacement and number of cylinders.

The Ferrari 458 Italia is a completely new car from every point of view: engine, design, aerodynamics, handling, instrumentation and ergonomics, just to name a few.

Ferrari V8 – The 458 Italia
A two-seater berlinetta, the Ferrari 458 Italia, as is now traditional for all Ferrari’s road-going cars, benefits hugely from the company’s Formula 1 experience. This is particularly evident in the speed and precision with which the car responds to driver inputs and in the attention focused on reducing internal friction in the engine for lower fuel consumption than the F430, despite the fact that both overall displacement and power have increased. However, Ferrari’s track experience makes its presence felt in the 458 Italia not only in terms of pure technological transfer but also on a more emotional level, because of the strong emphasis on creating an almost symbiotic relationship between driver and car. The 458 Italia features an innovative driving environment with a new kind of steering wheel and dashboard that is the direct result of racing practice. Once again input from Michael Schumacher - who was involved from the very start of the 458 Italia project - played an invaluable part.

The Ferrari 458 Italia’s Pininfarina design provides further evidence of the complete departure from the past that this new car hails. The Ferrari 458 Italia has a compact, aerodynamic shape, underscoring the concepts of simplicity, efficiency and lightness that inspired the project. As with every Ferrari, the car’s styling has been very heavily influenced by the requirements for aerodynamic efficiency, as can be seen from the downforce of 140 kg at 200km/h generated by the new model. The front features a single opening for the front grille and side air intakes, with aerodynamic sections and profiles designed to direct air to the coolant radiators and the new flat underbody. The nose also sports small aeroelastic winglets which generate downforce and, as speed rises, deform to reduce the section of the radiator inlets and cut drag.

The new 4499 cc V8 is the first Ferrari direct injection engine to be mid-rear mounted. It has a very low piston compression height typical of racing engines which contributed to achieving its compression ratio of 12.5:1. Equipped with the traditional flat-plane crankshaft, the engine delivers 570 CV at 9000 rpm and, with an outstanding power output of 127 CV/litre, sets a new benchmark not only for the whole Ferrari range and the history of company, but also for the entire market segment. Maximum torque is 540 Nm at 6000 rpm, over 80 per cent of which is available from 3250 rpm. Specific torque is a record 120 Nm/litre. However, what is truly extraordinary is the amount of torque available while still maintaining high levels of power at low revs.

The car’s soundtrack is also typical Ferrari, with an exciting, powerful growl emerging from the engine before it channels through to the exhaust’s three rear tailpipes.

Ferrari V8 – The 458 Italia
The 458 Italia is equipped with the seven-speed dual-clutch transmission which increases performance whilst providing very smooth shifts even at full throttle. The engineers have developed specific, sportier gear ratios to match the power and torque curves of the new V8, guaranteeing high torque even at lower engine speeds and allowing the car to reach its maximum speed in top gear.

This new Ferrari is also a major leap forward when it comes to cutting emissions. Despite the fact that the new engine is significantly more powerful than the V8s that preceded it, the Ferrari 458 Italia produces just 320 g/km of CO2 and fuel consumption is 13.7 l/100 km (combined cycle), the best in the entire segment.

The engineers also focused on weight reduction during the design phase for similar reasons. Consequently, the Ferrari 458 Italia has a dry weight of 1380 kg with a power-to-weight ratio of 2.42 kg/CV. Weight distribution is also optimal with 58 per cent over the rear axle. The result of the engineers’ endeavors can be summed up in to two simple statistics which together perfectly encapsulate the Ferrari 458 Italia’s exceptional performance: 0-100 km/h acceleration in under 3.4 seconds and a maximum speed in excess of 325 km/h.

For the new chassis, once more in aluminum, Maranello’s engineers incorporated various types of advanced alloys along with aerospace industry-derived manufacturing and bonding techniques.

With regard to vehicle dynamics, the Ferrari 458 Italia’s suspension features twin wishbones at the front and a multi-link set-up at the rear tuned for maximum roadholding and superlative handling. Along with a more direct steering ratio, the 458 Italia thus offers extremely rapid turn-in and body control whilst maintaining superior ride comfort.

The integration of the E-Diff and F1-Trac (now controlled by the same ECU) and their respective mappings is even greater, resulting in a 32 per cent increase in longitudinal acceleration out of corners compared to previous models. The evolution of the control logic, with even faster and more accurate calculation of levels of grip, ensures even greater roadholding, better handling and ease of control on the limit.

Ferrari V8 – The 458 Italia
The same ECU also governs the high-performance ABS, providing even more precise control over the logic threshold and greater efficiency. The brakes also feature a prefill function whereby the pistons in the callipers move the pads into contact with the discs on lift off to minimise delay in the brakes being applied. This combined with the ABS has cut the 100-0 km/h braking distance to a mere 32.5 metres.

The Ferrari 458 Italia’s interior is another area of the car that exalts its sporty personality. The driver is welcomed by a new layout and a revolutionary ergonomic interface where the main controls are all clustered on the steering wheel.

With the Ferrari 458 Italia, Maranello has brought a highly distinctive new car to its 8-cylinder range. The company now offers two models that share a common, race-derived DNA, both exceptionally sporty and fun to drive in true Ferrari tradition, but aimed at two very different kinds of client. While the Ferrari California was created for owners requiring a more versatile sports car with a practical edge, the 458 Italia is designed for owners for whom the priority is uncompromising on-road performance with occasional track day capability, but who still demand a car that is useable in day-to-day driving like all Ferrari’s recent models.

Source: Gizmag

Ferrari Concepts on display

The new Ferrari’s concepts of the myth are now a reality. The selection of the 20 best nominees for the Ferrari of the future, created by automotive design students of four of the most prestigious schools worldwide (Center for Creative Studies of Detroit, Coventry School of Art and Design, European Institute of Design of Turin and Tokyo Communication Arts), are currently being exhibited at the Galleria Ferrari in Maranello. The students have been challenging themselves in the production of scale 1:4 Ferrari models, innovative and fresh in style and functionality as well as in external and internal volumes, proposing stimulating alternatives to the internationally acclaimed shapes of the current and previous mid-engined eight cylinder cars and the front-engined twelve cylinder cars.

The contest has been organised in partnership with Pininfarina and with the support of Alcoa, the company that produces aluminium spaceframes for Ferrari.

Ferrari Concepts on displayOn 18 November, the Galleria Ferrari will host the prize-giving ceremony. The 20 selected projects will be voted by a technical board of jurors, including the Ferrari Style Committee, whose main members are Luca di Montezemolo, Piero Ferrari, Jean Todt, Amedeo Felisa e Massimo Fumarola – and the senior management of Pininfarina (Senator Sergio Pininfarina, Andrea Pininfarina and Ken Okuyama).

The four winners will get the opportunity of work experience at Ferrari or Pininfarina, transforming the academic project into professional practice. The winner of the Alcoa award, who will get an aluminium reproduction of its model and, in case of significant proposals, special mentions will be added.

Source: Gizmag

Nissan’s 2010 EV in detail

Nissan has showcased its electric vehicle (EV) platform on a Tiida-based hatchback model. The Nissan EV-11 prototype seats four-five adults, has a top speed of around 87mph (140kmh), a cruising range of 100 miles (160km) between charges and, being a full EV, produces zero local CO2 emissions. The in-house developed electric motor delivers 80kW (107hp) for “high response and powerful acceleration”. Nissan has also plans some clever IT for its EV platform, like remote ON/OFF charging via a cell phone or the Internet, useful mapping features including automatic updates on the nearest charging stations, a global data center providing 24/7 support and a scheme that could even see non-contact charging introduced in carparks.

One thing that has been holding back the acceptance of EVs is there inability to maintain enough charge/power to allow commuters to relax while driving, rather than have one eye on the road and one eye on the ‘fuel’ gauge. And the recharging process can also be painfully slow - another negative.

Nissan’s 2010 EV in detail

Nissan states that 80% of drivers worldwide drive fewer than 60 miles (100km) daily and has installed lithium-ion batteries on its EV platform (24kW battery pack), which have a higher energy density than other batteries. This translates into longer intervals between charging and provides a cruising range of 100 miles (160km). That means most vehicles will only require charging once daily, usually overnight.

Nissan has accomplished longer intervals between charges in a number of ways, apart from its battery selection.

A regenerative braking system gathers energy as the vehicle is slowed. Regenerative breaking captures the kinetic energy that is usually lost and stores it to power the electric motor. Effectively the electric motor works in reverse during the process of regenerative braking and acts as a generator to recharge the batteries.

Nissan’s EV is designed with reduced aerodynamic drag which adds to its efficiency while the built-in ‘smarts’ allow commuters to set the air conditioner to cool the cabin while the vehicle is still being recharged, which also prolongs intervals between charges (more on that below).

Nissan’s 2010 EV in detail

Pedal to the metal

Nissan says the EV-11 will deliver a quick response on the accelerator, akin to a ‘launch effect’ when accelerating from a stopped position.

The company has developed its own highly responsive EV motor which it says adds a new dimension in acclleration and drivers should expect a quieter ride with basically no engine noise from start-up to top speed.

The concept Tiida has employed a number of other features for a better ride, including an additional frame for the battery pack to significantly improve the rigidity of the vehicle, and the thin lithium-ion battery pack fits neatly into the vehicle floor providing greater cabin space, passenger comfort and a more normal driving position.

On-board IT and support

Nissan has added an impressive IT support service for its EV platform. Each vehicle has an on-board transmitting unit that is in constant contact with a global data center and provides drivers with helpful information at their fingertips.

Pre-trip

Commuters can remotely check the charge condition of their vehicle, and even receive notification via cell phone when the vehicle is fully charged (handy when out shopping or dining). Drivers can also pre-set a timer to begin charging the vehicle when electricity tariffs are at their optimum, usually late at night.

The air conditioning unit can be activated by cell phone or Internet to adjust the car’s interior to the desired temperature before entry which reduces drain on the batteries while the car in is motion.

During trip

The on-board computer can predict when the vehicle will need recharging (in miles/kms) and also provide the position of charging stations within the planned trip radius. It can also deliver updates on the status of nearby charging stations.

Post-trip

The global data center can calculate the mileage/charge, etc of the day’s commute and make this information in ‘real time’ to the driver via the Internet.

Charging information

Nissan says drivers will have the option of a fast or ordinary charge, depending on their time of stay at a charging station (or price point). Regular charging, say at home, from a single-phase 100v 15A outlet takes around 16 hours. A single-phase 200v 15A outlet will take approximately eight hours to charge the vehicle, while a fast charge from a three-phase 200v outlet will take around 30 minutes.

Obviously, for EVs to achieve mass adoption by the driving public, easy access to charging stations is a must. Nissan says it is collaborating with governments and agencies on infrastructure development to deliver this outcome.

Nissan’s 2010 EV in detail

Non-contact charging

Non-contact charging has the potential to make EV’s even more appetizing. The idea of parking at a shopping center or commercial precinct and returning to a fully-charged vehicle has real appeal. Nissan is conducting research into the commercial use of non-contact charging systems. Basically, the vehicle is parked over a primary coil and power is transferred wirelessly to a secondary coil housed under the EV. Maybe large retail outlets could offer this service at a reduced rate or carparks could charge extra for it?

EV-IT support function

Nissan has developed a sophisticated IT system for its zero-emission EVs, connecting the vehicle’s on-board transmitting unit to a global data center to provide year-round EV support through identical telematics services via mobile networks.

The all-electric vehicle is set for a 2010 launch and will have a unique design and body. Nissan plans to unveil the design of the production EV at its new global headquarters opening in Yokohama shortly.

Source; Gizmag